Keywords
Law No. 14.119/2021
environmental governance
economic instruments
How to Cite
Abstract
The growing environmental crisis has driven the development of policies aimed at reconciling conservation and sustainable development. Law No. 14,119/2021 established the Brazilian National Policy on Payments for Environmental Services (PNPSA), introducing economic instruments to recognize the value of ecosystem services, such as payments for environmental services (PES) and tax incentives. This study analyzes the implementation of the PNPSA in Brazil, focusing on these mechanisms and their potential effects on the adoption of sustainable practices. The research adopts a qualitative approach based on literature and document analysis, including experiences from states such as Acre, Mato Grosso do Sul, Bahia, São Paulo, and Rondônia. The findings suggest that the policy may contribute to environmental conservation and generate socioeconomic benefits, particularly for traditional communities and smallholder farmers. However, its effectiveness remains limited by bureaucratic barriers, unstable funding, and low institutional integration. The study concludes that strengthening governance, expanding access to incentives, and improving monitoring are essential to achieving long-term impacts.
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